Retinoids are among the best-studied skincare ingredients, but they work best when you start slowly.
The gist
- Retinoids are ingredients based on vitamin A; retinol is a milder form sold without a prescription.
- Prescription retinoids, such as tretinoin, are stronger and are used for acne and other skin conditions.
- Start slowly, a few nights a week, and wear sunscreen every day.
- Dermatologists advise against retinoids, including retinol, during pregnancy.
Retinoids get a lot of attention in skincare, and for good reason: they’re well studied. But they can also irritate your skin, especially at first.
Retinoids vs retinol
| Type | How you get it | Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Retinol | In many skincare products, without a prescription | Milder |
| Adapalene 0.1% gel | Over the counter in the US, for acne | Moderate |
| Tretinoin, tazarotene and others | By prescription | Stronger |
What they’re used for
Dermatologists use retinoids to treat acne, and retinoids can also improve some signs of sun damage, such as fine lines and uneven skin tone, over months of use. Over-the-counter retinol is gentler than prescription products, so its results tend to be more modest.
How to start
- Use it at night, after cleansing, once your skin is dry.
- Use a small amount, about the size of a pea, for your whole face.
- Apply it two or three nights a week at first, and increase gradually if your skin tolerates it.
- Follow with a moisturizer if your skin feels dry.
- Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen every morning, as covered in our sunscreen guide.
Beauty tip
Keep retinoids away from the corners of your nose, eyes and mouth, where skin is more easily irritated.
Common side effects
Dryness, redness, flaking and stinging are common in the first few weeks. Using it less often, or applying moisturizer first, can help. Stop and talk to a dermatologist if irritation is severe or doesn’t settle.
Safety note
Dermatologists advise against using retinoids, including over-the-counter retinol, if you’re pregnant or trying to become pregnant. If you’re breastfeeding, ask your doctor before using them.
Give it time
Retinoids work slowly, so give them a few months before deciding whether they’re working. As with any new product, testing it on a small patch of skin first is a good idea.
You asked
Can I use retinol every night?
Many people build up to nightly use, but it’s best to start a few times a week and increase gradually if your skin tolerates it.
Why is my skin peeling?
Dryness, redness and peeling are common when you start. Using the product less often, adding a moisturizer or choosing a milder product can help. Stop if irritation is severe.
Can I use retinol with other active ingredients?
Combining retinol with strong exfoliating acids can increase irritation. Introduce one active ingredient at a time, or ask a dermatologist if you’re unsure.
This article is general information, not medical advice. For skin, hair or nail problems that worry you, or before starting a new treatment if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding or have a health condition, talk to a board-certified dermatologist or your doctor.
